$A$ particle is projected with a speed $v_0 = \sqrt{gR}$ at the bottom of a hemispherical bowl. The coefficient of friction between the particle and the hemispherical surface is $\mu = 0.5$. Then,the initial acceleration of the particle is:

An object of mass $10 \,kg$ is projected from the ground with a speed of $40 \,m/s$ at an angle of $60^{\circ}$ with the horizontal. The rate of change of momentum of the object one second after projection in $SI$ units is ........ [Take $g = 9.8 \,m/s^2$]

$A$ spring is compressed between two toy carts of masses $m_1$ and $m_2$. When the toy carts are released,the spring exerts equal and opposite forces for the same time $t$ on each toy cart. If the coefficients of friction $\mu$ between the ground and the toy carts are equal,then the ratio of the displacements of the toy carts is:

Explain why
$(a)$ a horse cannot pull a cart and run in empty space,
$(b)$ passengers are thrown forward from their seats when a speeding bus stops suddenly,
$(c)$ it is easier to pull a lawn mower than to push it,
$(d)$ a cricketer moves his hands backwards while holding a catch.

Two blocks $A$ and $B$ of masses $5 \ kg$ and $10 \ kg$ respectively are placed as shown in the figure. The coefficient of friction between all the surfaces is $0.2$. $A$ force $F$ is applied on block $A$ at an angle of $30^{\circ}$ with the horizontal. If the system moves with constant acceleration,find the acceleration of block $B$. (Assume $g = 10 \ m/s^2$ and $F = 100 \ N$) (in $m/s^2$)

What is the value of the contact force $R$ on an object of mass $m$ placed on an inclined plane with angle $\theta$?